
中国在最近十年来每年的房价平均成长率都在20%以上,有些地方在某些时候甚至翻了一倍。如果比较中国的房价飚涨,美国的房价的成长率显然低得多。从1980年到目前为止,在这三十年之间,其中只有8年房屋中间价超过了10个百分点,而且8年中的6年是发生在金融危机后的泡沫时段。从长期的统计数据中看到,美国的房屋中间价的平均涨幅大约在7%-8%之间,扣除持有成本,扣除物价上涨的因素,大约保持在5%-6%。上涨幅度不大, 但是合理,这种上涨速度是温和和健康的。房子本来就是居所, 是满足人类居住的需求, 不是投机牟取暴利的工具,也就是说买房应该是一个长期的投资, 而不是短期投机。
时间愈長愈有把握
美国房地产周期平均在十五年左右, 所以理论上持有房产时间愈長愈有把握稳赚
不赔, 如果长期投资,持有五年可能有六成的机会获得利润,如果十年幾乎是一
定会有利润的。假设你在房价的高点买进的房子,在低点时卖出,那你的利润是
负值。如果你买房是为了居住,你可以自己选择售房的时机,不必在房屋市场低
谷时售出你的房屋,而可以选择在有利润或有较高利润的时候出手。
售出才能实现利润
房子不论涨价了多少,你必须要卖掉房子以后才能实现利润,它的投资回报高低
取决於你进入房市(买房)和你出来(卖房)的时机。以目前中国高房价市场来
看,如果你当初以200万购得房屋,现今市价达到500万,你可能获得300万的利
润,但是如果你没有适时高奌卖出,把利润变成现金装进口袋,两年后房子可能
会回落到250万或更低,那么你就只能小赚甚至会亏损。为什么这样说呢,因为
从购买能力来说,中国房价高得离谱的程度恐怕要超过百分之五十以上,关於这
个问题,我会专题撰文另行探讨。
建筑成本是跌幅的天然底线
在美国买房,不论是自住或是投资。目前都是一个非常好的时机。因为美国07年开始房价下跌,迄今平均跌幅超过40%。这是一个低点,是毫无疑问的。有很多人认为美国的房地产市场还会大幅下跌,我认为这种可能性微乎其微。今天许多地方的房价,都已经低到与建商的建筑成本持平,假设房价再继续下跌,表示所有新屋都会停建,只有原有的二手屋供应市面, 而美国每年有一百二十万的新增人口,每年新增家庭户数迖百万, 很快会消化掉市场上的房屋,届时房屋的需求增加,房价也就会上扬。就算现在并不是房价的最低点,房价能降的空间也极为有限, 没有天災人禍的情况下, 建筑成本就是跌幅的天然底线。
租金回报率高
我们说到投资,我们就不得不探讨租金回报率。在美国加州,房子出租後的毛租金回报率一般可达到7-9%。扣掉持有成本和管理成本,净回报率平均在5-6%之间。在中国的租屋市场租金回报率只有2-3%,与房价不成比例。没有人愿意出太高的价钱去租房。我们用一个实际的例子来说明中美两地的租金回报差异。例如,在美国加州洛杉磯东区Eastvale城市,目前三十五万美元可以买到一套三千英尺(大约280平方米)的四房独立屋,它的真实平均租金为$2300左右,也就是年租金$27600,平均租金的回报率是7.8%。
请看以下表列:
出租实际运作的净利润 年租金 $27600
扣除地产税 $6650 (设定地产税在1.9%)
草地庭院维护费 $720/年 (每月约$60)
房屋保险 $700/年
房屋维修 $300/年
平均空置成本 $1150/年
净收入 $18080/年
净租金回报率 5.2%
聪明调配就能生财
假设你在中国北京有一套四环以外的房子,每平米价格在2.5万人民币,91平米的房子同样价值三十五万美金,这个房子出租,每月租金大約是三千五人民币左右,年毛收率是1.8%。如果再扣除维修成本和物业管理费,回报率还要低些。若以租金为著眼的话,在美国的投资回报率要远远高於中国。设想如果你将中国的那套房子卖掉,若而在北京改为租房, 就租回你卖出的同等房子, 把钱在美国买了同样价值的房子并且出租,扣除了北京自已住的租金后, 你还有$11618装进袋里,等於每年收益75517人民币, 而且还不必担心房价缩水,何乐不为!
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